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	<title>Prometheus Fusion Perfection &#187; High Voltage</title>
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	<description>Developing Clean, Cheap, Open Source Energy with the Bussard Reactor.</description>
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		<title>Prometheus Fusion Perfection &#187; High Voltage</title>
		<link>http://prometheusfusionperfection.com</link>
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		<item>
		<title>New High Voltage Probe</title>
		<link>http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/2011/10/18/new-high-voltage-probe/</link>
		<comments>http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/2011/10/18/new-high-voltage-probe/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 18 Oct 2011 18:19:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Mark Suppes</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Data Acquisition]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[High Voltage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Instrumentation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oscilloscope]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/?p=3104</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Just got this Tektronix P6015 high voltage probe. It goes up to 40 kV! Well actually it only goes to 27 kV without the fluorocarbon 114 dielectric. It&#8217;s huge! Shown next to a normal probe: Just in time for the next run. This is the same probe used in the Sydney experiment.<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=prometheusfusionperfection.com&amp;blog=5230661&amp;post=3104&amp;subd=prometheusfusionperfection&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Just got this Tektronix <a href="http://www.compwest.com/Library/PDF-manuals/Tektronix%20P6015%203-90%20small.pdf" target="_blank">P6015 high voltage probe</a>. It goes up to 40 kV!</p>
<p>Well actually it only goes to 27 kV without the fluorocarbon 114 dielectric.</p>
<p>It&#8217;s huge! Shown next to a normal probe:</p>
<p><img class="alignnone" title="HV probe" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-Z2kQJ29slxU/Tp25KQdpY7I/AAAAAAAAODU/aFm2bp2vBTc/s400/IMG_2083.JPG" alt="" width="400" height="300" /></p>
<p>Just in time for the next run.</p>
<p>This is the same probe used in the <a href="http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/category/sydney-experiment/" target="_blank">Sydney experiment</a>.</p>
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			<media:title type="html">HV probe</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Arduino Controls 30,000 Volts</title>
		<link>http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/2011/09/10/arduino-controls-30000-volts/</link>
		<comments>http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/2011/09/10/arduino-controls-30000-volts/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 11 Sep 2011 01:07:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Mark Suppes</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Arduino]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Electrical Engineering]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Electronics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[High Voltage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Instrumentation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Power Supply]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/?p=3038</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[All photos. Today I made arduino control 30,000 volts. My arduino has 3 channels of analog output 0 to 5 volt. For testing I used this sin wave generator sketch: &#160; &#160; int pwmPin = 9; // output pin supporting PWM void setup(){ pinMode(pwmPin, OUTPUT); // sets the pin as output } void loop(){ float something = millis() [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=prometheusfusionperfection.com&amp;blog=5230661&amp;post=3038&amp;subd=prometheusfusionperfection&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://picasaweb.google.com/FAMULUS.fusion/20110910?authuser=0&amp;feat=directlink" target="_blank">All photos</a>.</p>
<p>Today I made <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino" target="_blank">arduino</a> control 30,000 volts.</p>
<p>My arduino has 3 channels of analog output 0 to 5 volt.</p>
<p>For testing I used this sin wave generator sketch:</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<blockquote><p>int pwmPin = 9; // output pin supporting PWM</p>
<p>void setup(){</p>
<p>pinMode(pwmPin, OUTPUT); // sets the pin as output</p>
<p>}</p>
<p>void loop(){</p>
<p>float something = millis() / 1000.0;</p>
<p>int value = 127.5 + 127.5 * sin( something * 2.0 * PI );</p>
<p>analogWrite(pwmPin,value);</p>
<p>}</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p></blockquote>
<p>This generates a lazy 2 Hz sin wave.</p>
<p>But the output is not really analog, it&#8217;s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-width_modulation" target="_blank">pulse width modulation</a>(PWM):</p>
<p><img class="alignnone" title="PWM output" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-5oYFhbaPWbc/TmwE2H4AclI/AAAAAAAANjA/Z05TR2Cxyso/s400/IMG_1866.JPG" alt="" width="400" height="300" /></p>
<p>This <a href="http://provideyourown.com/2011/analogwrite-convert-pwm-to-voltage/" target="_blank">tutorial shows how to smooth out  PWM</a> using a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_pass_filter" target="_blank">low pass filter</a>. My low pass filter used 6kΩ resistor and 4.7 µF @ 45V capacitor.</p>
<p>Here we have the raw PWM output superimposed with the filtered output:</p>
<p><img class="alignnone" title="filtered PWM" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-OPj_kT8_pVs/TmwEyCNAyII/AAAAAAAANi8/DlRrzjXvccA/s400/IMG_1865.JPG" alt="" width="400" height="300" /></p>
<p>Looks good!</p>
<p>Now we just add the <a href="http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/2011/09/03/my-first-op-amp-circuit/" target="_blank">voltage doubling op-amp circuit I made previously</a>, and BOOM:</p>
<p><img class="alignnone" title="op amp voltage doubler" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-T1hVEgFc38M/Tmu1hspj6RI/AAAAAAAANhs/IhadLGET9RI/s400/IMG_1860.JPG" alt="" width="400" height="300" /></p>
<p>This shows the source signal and the voltage doubled signal.</p>
<p>Sweet! Now we can control the 30,000 volt glassman power supply.</p>
<p>Here the arduino is sending a slow sin wave to the glassman&#8217;s voltage control:</p>
<table style="width:auto;">
<tbody>
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<td><a href="https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/HkRtWOxtdqqeaK84gaaUlw?feat=embedwebsite" target="_blank"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-rl5myM46SRw/Tmu_YMWrZ5I/AAAAAAAANiM/K9u9t1OSWoU/s288/MVI_1862.jpg" alt="" width="288" height="216" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:11px;text-align:right;">From <a href="https://picasaweb.google.com/FAMULUS.fusion/20110910?authuser=0&amp;feat=embedwebsite">2011-09-10</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The Glassman&#8217;s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slew_rate" target="_blank">slew rate</a> is really slow without a load.</p>
<p>Here is the setup:</p>
<p><img class="alignnone" title="arduino high voltage setup" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-yTWKTDmRlEo/Tmu37rCa5XI/AAAAAAAANh0/su9dyq99C_Q/s640/IMG_1861.JPG" alt="" width="640" height="480" /></p>
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			<media:title type="html">PWM output</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">filtered PWM</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">op amp voltage doubler</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">arduino high voltage setup</media:title>
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	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Emergency Stop</title>
		<link>http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/2010/02/14/emergency-stop/</link>
		<comments>http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/2010/02/14/emergency-stop/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 14 Feb 2010 14:33:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Mark Suppes</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[High Voltage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Safety]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/?p=1970</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I put together an emergency stop button for the reactor: This will be positioned a safe distance from the reactor, so you can kill the high voltage from a distance. I&#8217;ll wire it up and test it today.<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=prometheusfusionperfection.com&amp;blog=5230661&amp;post=1970&amp;subd=prometheusfusionperfection&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I put together an emergency stop button for the reactor:</p>
<p><a href="http://prometheusfusionperfection.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/img_2237.png"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1971" title="IMG_2237" src="http://prometheusfusionperfection.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/img_2237.png?w=510" alt=""   /></a></p>
<p>This will be positioned a safe distance from the reactor, so you can kill the high voltage from a distance. I&#8217;ll wire it up and test it today.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>-30kV / 10mA</title>
		<link>http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/2009/10/24/30kv-10ma/</link>
		<comments>http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/2009/10/24/30kv-10ma/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 25 Oct 2009 02:14:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Mark Suppes</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Fusor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[High Voltage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plasma]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/?p=1734</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[If you&#8217;ve been following me on twitter, you know I received a -30kV / 10mA Glassman a few days ago. Now it&#8217;s online and it kicks ass. Current limiting, remote controllable&#8230; it&#8217;s the second unit from the top: Here is an air plasma it produced: With current limiting and good air metering, we can get [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=prometheusfusionperfection.com&amp;blog=5230661&amp;post=1734&amp;subd=prometheusfusionperfection&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If you&#8217;ve been <a href="http://twitter.com/famulusfusion" target="_blank">following me on twitter</a>, you know I received a -30kV / 10mA Glassman a few days ago. Now it&#8217;s online and it kicks ass. Current limiting, remote controllable&#8230; it&#8217;s the second unit from the top:</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1735" title="IMG_4371" src="http://prometheusfusionperfection.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/img_4371.png?w=510" alt="IMG_4371"   /></p>
<p>Here is an air plasma it produced:</p>
<div class='embed-vimeo' style='text-align:center;'><iframe src='http://player.vimeo.com/video/7242055' width='400' height='300' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<p>With current limiting and good air metering, we can get a stable plasma. I notice you get a sense for the plasma just by _listening_ to the glassman. When the plasma is unstable the glassman softly clicks along with the plasma burst.</p>
<p><span id="more-1734"></span></p>
<p>Backside, second from top:</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1736" title="IMG_4374" src="http://prometheusfusionperfection.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/img_4374.png?w=510" alt="IMG_4374"   /></p>
<p>To get full manual control, you wire the jumpers like this:</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1737" title="IMG_4388" src="http://prometheusfusionperfection.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/img_4388.png?w=510" alt="IMG_4388"   /></p>
<p>I&#8217;ve already had some success remote controlling the Glassman. Looks like I&#8217;ll be using digital potentiometers again.</p>
<p>Here is a un-enhanced photo of the plasma&#8230; it&#8217;s much brighter:</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1745" title="IMG_4383" src="http://prometheusfusionperfection.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/img_4383.png?w=510" alt="IMG_4383"   /></p>
<p>Also worth a mention &#8211; the same plasma can appear either blue or purple depending on ambient lighting and perhaps other factors. So we can&#8217;t trust the color in the photo without further controls:</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1746" title="IMG_4380" src="http://prometheusfusionperfection.files.wordpress.com/2009/10/img_4380.png?w=510" alt="IMG_4380"   /></p>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	
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			<media:title type="html">FAMULUS</media:title>
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		<title>Grounding</title>
		<link>http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/2009/08/29/grounding/</link>
		<comments>http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/2009/08/29/grounding/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Aug 2009 19:39:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Mark Suppes</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Electrical Engineering]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[High Voltage]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/?p=1490</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Spent the last two days throughly grounding the entire system. We start by attaching a ground line directly to the overhead sprinkler system. First we scrape off the paint: Then we attach this purpose made ground clip: Here it is installed: We are using 12 AWG insulated stranded copper. In addition to this pipe ground, [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=prometheusfusionperfection.com&amp;blog=5230661&amp;post=1490&amp;subd=prometheusfusionperfection&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Spent the last two days throughly grounding the entire system.</p>
<p>We start by attaching a ground line directly to the overhead sprinkler system. First we scrape off the paint:</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1491" title="IMG_3987" src="http://prometheusfusionperfection.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/img_3987.png?w=510" alt="IMG_3987"   />Then we attach this purpose made ground clip:</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1492" title="IMG_3986" src="http://prometheusfusionperfection.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/img_3986.png?w=510" alt="IMG_3986"   /></p>
<p>Here it is installed:</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1493" title="IMG_3988" src="http://prometheusfusionperfection.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/img_3988.png?w=510" alt="IMG_3988"   /></p>
<p>We are using 12 AWG insulated stranded copper. In addition to this pipe ground, we are also using outlet ground from two different circuits:</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1494" title="IMG_3992" src="http://prometheusfusionperfection.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/img_3992.png?w=510" alt="IMG_3992"   /></p>
<p>Ground each piece of rack equipment, and the rack itself:</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1495" title="IMG_3989" src="http://prometheusfusionperfection.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/img_3989.png?w=510" alt="IMG_3989"   /></p>
<p>Ground several points on the chamber, sled, and pump:</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1496" title="IMG_3990" src="http://prometheusfusionperfection.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/img_3990.png?w=510" alt="IMG_3990"   /></p>
<p>Here is the high voltage connection point with high voltage divider inside glass insulation:</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1497" title="IMG_4000" src="http://prometheusfusionperfection.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/img_4000.png?w=510" alt="IMG_4000"   /></p>
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			<media:title type="html">IMG_3986</media:title>
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		<title>Standoff for Superconducting Magrid</title>
		<link>http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/2009/08/29/standoff-for-superconducting-magrid/</link>
		<comments>http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/2009/08/29/standoff-for-superconducting-magrid/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Aug 2009 16:04:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Mark Suppes</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[cryogenics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[High Voltage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Liquid Nitrogen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[polywell]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Superconducting Magrid]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/?p=1481</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I&#8217;ve been doing some brainstorming on the standoff for the superconducting magrid. This is a messy problem! You need a cryogenic feedthrough that is also a high voltage standoff. Then you need to pass in the YBCO superconducting cables, and wiring for the persistent switch. Yesterday I realized that we can get most of the [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=prometheusfusionperfection.com&amp;blog=5230661&amp;post=1481&amp;subd=prometheusfusionperfection&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;ve been doing some brainstorming on the standoff for the superconducting magrid. This is a messy problem! You need a cryogenic feedthrough that is also a high voltage standoff. Then you need to pass in the YBCO superconducting cables, and wiring for the persistent switch.</p>
<p>Yesterday I realized that we can get most of the way there by welding together two off the shelf components:</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1482" title="standoff_feedthrough" src="http://prometheusfusionperfection.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/standoff_feedthrough.png?w=510" alt="standoff_feedthrough"   />This diagram refrences parts <a href="http://insulatorseal.com/urd/uniface.urd/ecf0030w.display?9812107" target="_blank">9812107</a> and <a href="http://insulatorseal.com/urd/uniface.urd/ecf0030w.display?9611005" target="_blank">9611005</a> from<a href="http://insulatorseal.com" target="_blank"> insulatorseal</a> which is a subsidiary of <a href="http://www.mdcvacuum.com/" target="_blank">MDC Vacuum</a>. I&#8217;ve sent this drawing to insulatorseal for a quote. One problem is that part 9611005 is only rated up to 6kV so we will need a custom variant to get to the 10kV to 40kV range.</p>
<p>The idea with this setup is that the high voltage could come through a standard HV feedthrough and connect to the insulated tip of this feedthrough via a connecting wire:</p>
<p><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-1488" title="SC_magrid_feedthrough" src="http://prometheusfusionperfection.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/sc_magrid_feedthrough1.png?w=510" alt="SC_magrid_feedthrough"   /></p>
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		<title>Glass Insulator</title>
		<link>http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/2009/08/06/glass-insulator/</link>
		<comments>http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/2009/08/06/glass-insulator/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 06 Aug 2009 19:03:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Mark Suppes</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[High Voltage]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/?p=1395</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Ordering this glass tubing to protect the atmosphere side of the high voltage feedthrough. Hopefully they can cut it to size for me. They will get back to me about that.<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=prometheusfusionperfection.com&amp;blog=5230661&amp;post=1395&amp;subd=prometheusfusionperfection&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ordering <a href="http://www.waleapparatus.com/catalog.asp?prodid=548019&amp;showprevnext=1" target="_blank">this glass tubing</a> to protect the atmosphere side of the high voltage feedthrough. Hopefully they can cut it to size for me. They will get back to me about that.</p>
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		<title>High Voltage Divider</title>
		<link>http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/2009/06/26/high-voltage-divider/</link>
		<comments>http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/2009/06/26/high-voltage-divider/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2009 15:48:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Mark Suppes</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Electrical Engineering]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[High Voltage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Power Supply]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://prometheusfusionperfection.com/?p=1284</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Just purchased this Model V1G high voltage divider. This device divides the input voltage by a factor of 1000, so we can measure high voltage with a regular multimeter.<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=prometheusfusionperfection.com&amp;blog=5230661&amp;post=1284&amp;subd=prometheusfusionperfection&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Just purchased this <a href="http://www.emcohighvoltage.com/V1Gseries.PDF" target="_blank">Model V1G high voltage divider</a>. This device divides the input voltage by a factor of 1000, so we can measure high voltage with a regular multimeter.</p>
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