Coil Formers

12 02 2010

My shop-mate Stuart machined these coil formers from a teflon rod:

Here is a time lapse video of Stuart machining the  formers on the lathe:

Next we have to drill four holes in each former and connected them with angle brackets.





New Inner Grid

27 10 2009

Yesterday I made a new fusor grid:

IMG_4406

With an 45mm OD, this grid is smaller (and prettier) than the previous at 65mm. The old and the new grid side by side:

IMG_4413

 

Read the rest of this entry »





Arcam EBM fabrication

19 10 2009

I’m exploring the Arcam EBM process for fabricating the magrid.

Our current scale is within their build envelope (250 x 250 x 400 mm and 350 x 350 x 250 mm).

Their process creates a fully solid / fully melted part using Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloy.

Titanium is non magnetic (paramagnetic). GOOD

Titanium has low outgassing (I _assume_). Not seeing good information on this, but I see articles about low outgassing. GOOD

The fully melted part should be vacuum tight. GOOD

Titanium can be welded, but it’s complicated. Gas shielding is required. WORKABLE

Titanium is difficult to machine. It requires specialized tools. It’s tough and springy. Too hot and it reacts chemically. The magrid part is likely too delicate to be secured for machining. We can still lap sand the faces for better mating. BAD/WORKABLE.

Titanium is strong. GOOD

Titanium is beautiful. GOOD

The part would be highly conformal. I do not expect the warping as with the prometal magrid. GOOD

Price. This same part would cost around $2500. Better get it right the first time. WORKABLE

Although it’s a path fraught with peril, it could lead to a fully functional superconducting magrid.





Day One

3 06 2009

What a day.

First off, we have achieved FIRST VACUUM. Connected the small chamber to the pump. So far I’ve got it down to 3e-7 torr and dropping steadily, which gives us a green light for the Fusor:

small_chamber_setup

We had an initial false start which was caused by poor connection on the last conflat to be connected. The last flange is always the hardest because there is more weight on the system. The setup is pretty precarious, and only serves to check first vacuum.

Secondly, Deez successfully fabricated the fusor core:fusor_core

Here is a time-lapse of day one:





Grid Fab

2 05 2009

Took a stab at fabricating the grid today. We used Oxyacetylene torch to braze the welding wire together.

ox_acet

I managed to make the rings:rings

Tried putting it together, but I kept breaking previously brazed joints. I think I need to attach heat sinks. grid_attempt





Grid Update

22 04 2009

I sent in the STL of the grid shown previously to Prometal for a quote. Unfortunately it can’t be made as designed:

We feel that you could expect warping up to about 1/8.”  We also think that we may have some breakage as well.  Unfortunately, this part is not a good fit for our process.

Going to go with TeslaBoys design. He sent me the DWG files for the lasercut inner grid. However, the current design needs some tweeking:

The problem with the design is that the rings intersect at angles so the grooves need to be cut at an angle, but you cannot do that with a (2) axis laser so you have to grind or machine the angles into the grooves.

The improvement is to make the grooves wider based on the angles that the other rings intercept it.  I have not sat down and worked out the geometry, but it is worth it because machining the angles into the narrow grooves was very time consuming and tedious.

I’m also going to attempt to make a cruder version out of welding wire.





The Core

11 04 2009

I’m preparing to have the core fabricated. I have a number of considerations to consider.

chassis1

Welding. We have to weld the lids to the chassis.

Maybe TIG welding will work. My concern is that heat affected zone will damage the SC coils inside. We have ~2.5 mm from the surface to the coils. Laser welding has a much smaller heat affected zone. TODO: get a quote for laser welding from EB Industries. Can anyone comment of the viability of TIG welding for this sitation?

Surfacing. The product that comes back from prometal has a rough surface which we need to machine so that the lid mate well.

Previously I tried wet sanding. This worked decently. However, I wasn’t able to get the deeper surface imperfections, it took a lot of sanding. The outer ring of the torus half saw more material removed than the inner ring, which means that the inner rings mate very tightly, but the outer ring has about a 0.25 mm gap.

There is a surfacing machine here in the shop. It’s large enough to accommodate the lids, but not large enough to accommodate the chassis. The surfacing machine uses a magnetic vise, so the work piece must be magnetic. The sample parts we ordered from prometal are magnetic, however the next parts will be made with a less magnetic stainless steel alloy (the chassis should not be magnetic).

We may need to take surfacing into consideration for the design of the part. ie, we may need to include some extra material on the prometal part, so that after we surface it, we have a perfect half torus.

UPDATE: Stuart told me about Lapping which seems to be an advanced for of wet-sanding.

CAD problems

I’m using BRL-CAD to generate my parts. Lately I’ve been getting this error when I try to export to STL: class_lu_vs_s: loop transits plane of shell/face?  I can’t proceed until I overcome this bug.

Even when the STL export works, it takes forever to render an STL with the resolution I need for production (I’m talking days here). This is really cramping my flow.

Permeability of the Core

We are building a superconducting core. There will be liquid nitrogen at atmospheric pressures inside the core (and connected to outside of chamber via a fluid feedthrough). The core can’t be so permeable as to leek nitrogen into the vacuum which would poison the reaction. Speaking of pressure differentials, the core must withstand the pressure from the inside. To calculate this pressure, I think we need to know the internal surface area of the core.





Chassis Cutaway

22 02 2009

I built this cutaway version of the chassis so we can do a fit and finish test with superconducting cable without spending a wad of money. 

cutout





Polishing the Lids

20 02 2009

Taking a page from jewelry fabrication, I wet-sanded the face of the lids on 230 grit silicon carbide sandpaper on a glass table using a circular motion. This gives you a very flat surface.

img_3276

Now they fit together tightly for welding:

 

img_3278





Manifest

20 02 2009

The parts from ProMetal just arrived. These parts feel heavy, dense, and strong. You really have to hold these in your hands to believe it. They hold water without leaking. Cost ~$30 each. img_3245img_3249

There is some texture, but overall these parts are highly conformal to the design. img_3264

lids

This is very exciting. The first prototype core is within reach.

Next I will grind the touching surfaces of the lids and try to laser weld them together.

 

On the down side this material is magnetic:

magnetic_steel

I wonder if ProMetal can adjust the composition of the alloy. Stainless steel can be either magnetic or non magnetic depending on the alloy:

There are different types of stainless steels: when nickel is added, for instance, the austenite structure of iron is stabilized. This crystal structure makes such steels non-magnetic and less brittle at low temperatures.

Update: Looking at the ProMetal Materials Spec Sheet, it looks like they offer 316SS, which is non magnetic, although less strong than the 420SS. Bingo.